What is an STD? Everything you need to know about the most common STDs and their symptoms
An STD is a sexually transmitted disease that often goes undetected but can have serious consequences. Use our decision aid on Bloedwaardentest.nl to determine which STD test you need.
What is an STD? An STD, or sexually transmitted disease, is an infectious disease that you can contract through unprotected sexual contact. This means having sex without a condom, which can transmit bacteria, viruses or parasites from one person to another. These pathogens can be present in semen, vaginal fluid, blood, and even on the skin. It is important to know how to recognize an STD, what symptoms may occur, and how to get yourself tested.
Which STDs are most common?
STDs are unfortunately not rare. Especially people with alternating sexual contacts or young people under 25 are at higher risk. Here are the most common STDs:
- Chlamydia: This bacterial infection is the most common STD in the Netherlands. Chlamydia can lead to infections in the urethra, cervix, rectum or throat.
- Gonorrhea: Caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, this STD leads to inflammation in the genitals, anus and/or throat.
- Genital warts: These are caused by the HPV virus and appear as warts on or around the genitals and anus.
- Syphilis: A serious STD that begins with painless sores on the genitals and, if left untreated, can cause serious health problems.
- Herpes Genitalis: Caused by the herpes simplex virus, this STD can lead to recurrent painful blisters around the genitals.
- HIV: The human immunodeficiency virus affects the immune system and, without treatment, can lead to AIDS.
- Trichomonas: A parasitic STD that can cause inflammation in the vagina, urethra and bladder.
- Genital infections: These are often caused by fungi such as candida and are more common in women.
STD symptoms: What to look out for.
Many STDs do not produce obvious symptoms at first, which can make it difficult to know if you are infected. Still, after a few weeks, symptoms can appear and vary depending on the specific STD. Here are some common symptoms to look out for:
STD symptoms in men:
- Pain or burning sensation when urinating
- Secretion from the urethra, also known as a "drip
- Itching, sores or warts on the penis, glans and/or anus
- Pain in the scrotum
STD symptoms in women:
- Pain or burning sensation when urinating
- Changed or abnormal smelling vaginal discharge
- Itching, sores or warts on the labia and/or in the vagina or anus
- Vaginal bleeding after sex or between periods
- Pain in the lower abdomen
How do I know if I have an STD? Importance of an STD test
The only way to know for sure if you have an STD is to take an STD test. It is wise to get tested after unprotected sex or if you experience symptoms that may indicate an STD. Even if you have no symptoms, it is important to get tested, especially if you have had multiple sexual partners. STDs can sometimes be transmitted through the skin or contaminated objects such as towels, so testing is always recommended.
When should you take an STD test?
Timing is crucial when testing for STDs. Each STD has what is called an incubation period, the time between infection and when the infection can be detected with a test. If you test too early, the results may be unreliable. Always consult the information in the manual of your self-test or seek advice from a doctor.
STD treatment: what do you need to know?
An STD does not disappear on its own and can have serious consequences if left untreated. Fortunately, many STDs are easily treated with medications such as antibiotics, viral inhibitors or antifungals. It is essential to begin treatment immediately after a positive test result to avoid complications.
During treatment, it is important not to have sex until you are fully cured and no longer contagious. Informing your sexual partner(s) is also crucial so they can get tested and treated if necessary.
Which STD test do I need? Use our decision aid
Not sure which STD test to take? Use our handy decision aid on Bloedwaardentest.nl. This tool helps you to quickly and easily determine which test is right for you, based on your personal situation and symptoms. This way you get tailored advice immediately and know exactly which STD test you should do and when.
