Urine analysis urine status and sediment
Urine Status: Now with free urine sediment.
This examination may be performed to check for kidney problems, urinary tract disease, or a metabolic disorder.
Urine screening consists of Urine Status and Urine Sediment.
A portion of the first morning urine is best used. In doing so, it is best to urinate a little first, stop urinating for a while and then collect the urine (this is also called mid-stream urine).
With the included vacuum system, you simply suck up the urine and put the tube in the mail.
Urine Status
Urine is tested for the presence of cells, protein and glucose, among other things. Many conditions can be detected at an early stage by urinalysis because they give themselves away by substances in the urine that do not belong in it. An abnormal urinalysis usually prompts additional testing to determine the nature and severity of the underlying disease.
Urine status test results are determined colorimetrically in our laboratory by a simple color reaction. These determinations give only an indication of what has been examined. The presence of blood cells (erythrocytes, leucocytes), crystals and drugs, among others, affect these tests and can give false positive and false negative results.
Specific gravity - Normal urine has a specific gravity (sg) of about 1010. If the sg is very low then the urine is highly diluted (pure water has 1000), if it is greatly increased then the urine is highly concentrated and there is a chance of dehydration.
pH Acidity - The acidity of the urine should not be lower than 4.5, a lower pH indicates too much waste For proper assessment, the urine pH should be measured at every toilet visit, a good record can then be made of the pH level over the course of the day and preferably over a week. The influence of diet and activities on acidity can then be better assessed. If this shows that the pH remains too low, it is advisable to investigate what is causing it.
Leucocytes - Leukocytes are white blood cells. These should not normally be found in urine. If white blood cells are found in the urine, it may indicate a bladder infection or urinary tract infection.
Bilirubin - In normal healthy urine, bilirubin should never be present. Bilirubin (bile pigment) comes mainly from the breakdown of red blood cells.
Urobilinogen - Urobilinogen comes from the intestine where it results from the conversion of bilirubin by the intestinal flora. It returns to the bloodstream and is filtered out by the kidneys. There are many factors that can affect the concentration such as: time, kidney function, urine pH, etc.
Protein screening - There is always a very small amount of protein in the urine. Increased amount of protein in the urine can indicate the kidney inflammation, but also the kidney damage due to high blood pressure, diabetes or due to chronic infection.
Ketones- Acetone - Ketones are a fuel for the brain. Under normal conditions, glucose is used as fuel for the brain, but if insufficient glucose is available, ketones are used as an energy source. Possible causes for too many ketones in urine are newly developed or dysregulated diabetes, after prolonged fasting, poorly functioning adrenal gland, or rare hereditary metabolic diseases.
Determination of ketones in urine may be requested to find out the cause of an acid-base disorder. Various ketones such as acetone and acetoacetate are found in urine. They are breakdown products from fat metabolism.
Nitrite - Nitrite is a substance produced when nitrate is converted. There should normally be very little nitrite in the urine. If it is found in the urine, it may be a signal that there are bacteria in the urine that facilitate this conversion. Nitrite in the urine can therefore be a signal of a bladder infection.
Glucose screening - normally there should be no sugar (glucose) in the urine. Only high blood glucose levels (appropriate for diabetes mellitus) or damage to the kidney will find sugar in the urine.
Erythrocytes/free hemoglobin - red blood cells in the urine. These are found in kidney infection or bleeding in the urinary tract, among others.
Now with free urine sediment.
If you are looking for exactly what bacteria are in urine, you should take this test:
